Wuraren da suka fi zafi kwanan nan a cikin Na'urorin Canza Wutar Lantarki na Duniya (2025-2026)

1. Haɓaka Ma'aunin Ingantaccen Makamashi da Sauyin Kore: Sabon Daidaita Makamashi a Matsayin Babban

A duk duniya, buƙatun ingancin makamashi na matsakaici da matsakaici Babban Na'urar Canza Wutar Lantarkis na ƙara sauri, kuma rashin ƙa'idojin ingancin makamashi a sabon ɓangaren samar da makamashi ya zama babban abin damuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A watan Afrilun 2024, China ta fitar da sabon sigar Mafi ƙarancin ƙimar da aka yarda da ita ta Ingantaccen Makamashi da Matsayin Ingantaccen Makamashi ga Masu Canza Wutar Lantarki (GB20052-2024), wanda aka aiwatar a hukumance a watan Fabrairun 2025. A karon farko, wannan ma'aunin ya haɗa da na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na 6kV-66kV don sabbin samar da makamashi (photovoltaic, wutar iska, ajiyar makamashi) a cikin ƙa'idojin ingancin makamashi na tilas, wanda ya shafi yanayin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun don sabbin haɗin grid na makamashi (misali, na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na 35kV da aka nutsar da mai/nau'in busasshe sun kai sama da kashi 95% na aikace-aikacen a cikin sabon ɓangaren makamashi).

Babban burin ingantawa na yau da kullun shine rage asarar watsawa daga sabbin makamashi. Idan aka yi la'akari da masu canza wutar lantarki na 35kV waɗanda aka nutsar da mai a matsayin misali, asarar rashin ɗaukar nauyi na ingancin makamashi na Grade 3 a ƙarƙashin sabon ma'auni ya ragu da kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da tsohon sigar (GB6451-2015), kuma ingancin makamashi na Grade 1 ya ragu da wani kashi 10%; asarar rashin ɗaukar nauyi na masu canza wutar lantarki na 35kV masu bushewa (Grade 3) ya ragu da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin masana'antu (NB/T31062-2014). A cewar kiyasi, idan aka haɓaka duk sabbin masu canza wutar lantarki a China daga matakin S11 zuwa matakin S20, za a iya rage fitar da hayakin carbon da tan miliyan 55, daidai da sau 2.8 na samar da wutar lantarki na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Gezhouba a shekarar 2021.

Wannan aiwatarwa ta yau da kullun ba wai kawai yana haɓaka sauye-sauyen masana'antar transfoma ta China zuwa ga inganci mai kyau da ƙarancin carbon ba, har ma yana ba da muhimmin tsarin tunani game da ingancin makamashi don haɗin yanar gizo na makamashi na duniya.

1. Bukatar Smart Grid da AI: Masu Canza Tsarin Jiha Mai Sauƙi (SSTs) Sun Zama Babban Tsarin Zamani Na Gaba

Tare da fashewar ƙarfin kwamfuta na AI (misali, horar da manyan samfuran ChatGPT suna cinye wutar lantarki mai yawa a cikin kwana uku kamar motocin Tesla 3,000 da ke tuƙi kilomita 320,000) da kuma hanzarta gina grid mai wayo, na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na gargajiya ba za su iya biyan buƙatun yawan wutar lantarki mai yawa da ƙa'idojin aiki ba. Na'urorin canza wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi (SSTs), tare da fa'idodinsu na ƙaramin girma, ingantaccen aiki, da tallafi ga kwararar wutar lantarki mai jagora biyu, sun zama abin da binciken fasaha da kuma kula da kasuwa suka mayar da hankali a kai kwanan nan.

SSTs suna amfani da fasahar canza wutar lantarki mai yawan mita. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na gargajiya na masana'antu, suna rage girma da kashi 50%-80% da nauyi da kashi 60%-80%, kuma suna iya cimma daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi na matakin millisecond da kuma fitowar wutar lantarki akai-akai, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace musamman ga yanayi kamar cibiyoyin bayanai na AI, sabbin hanyoyin haɗin wutar lantarki, da kuma tashoshin caji masu sauri. Misali, sabuwar takardar farin NVIDIA ta lissafa SSTs a matsayin mafita mafi kyau ga samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye a cibiyoyin bayanai, kuma kamfanoni kamar Jinpan Technology sun kammala haɓaka samfurin SST kuma sun aika samfura zuwa NVIDIA.

Duk da cewa SSTs har yanzu suna cikin matakin tantancewa na samfuri/ƙananan rukuni (ana sa ran za a tallata su a babban sikelin daga 2028 zuwa 2030), akwai babban tsammanin kasuwa - Rahoton bincike na Guangda Securities ya nuna cewa ana sa ran SSTs za su zama ci gaba a cikin matsalolin wutar lantarki da ke haifar da ƙafafun "AI + sabon makamashi," tare da girman kasuwa ya karu daga yuan biliyan 6 a 2024 zuwa yuan biliyan 26.4 a 2027 (CAGR na kusan 64%).

1. Karancin Samar da Kayayyaki a Duniya da Fa'idodin Kasar Sin: Cikakken Sarkar Masana'antu Mai Zaman Kanta Ya Zama Babban Gasar

A duk duniya, na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na matsakaici da manyan wutar lantarki suna fuskantar ƙarancin wadata: gibin samar da wutar lantarki ga na'urorin canza wutar lantarki a Amurka ya ƙaru da kashi 116% idan aka kwatanta da na 2019, haɓaka wutar lantarki a Turai yana ci gaba a hankali saboda ƙarancin na'urorin canza wutar lantarki, kuma manyan ayyukan hasken rana a Indiya ba sa aiki yayin da ake jiran na'urorin canza wutar lantarki. A wannan yanayin, China, wacce ke da kashi 60% na ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya, ta zama babbar mai cin gajiyar hakan.

Babban fa'idodin China a fannin na'urorin lantarki na transformers sun ta'allaka ne da ikon sarrafawa mai zaman kansa na cikakken masana'antu:

Kayan Aiki Masu Muhimmanci: Samar da ƙarfe mai siffar silicon (abin da ake kira "zuciya" na na'urorin canza wutar lantarki) ya kai tan miliyan 3.0325 (2024), sau biyar na Japan da kuma sau takwas na Amurka. Kamfanin Baosteel ya gina layin samar da takardar ƙarfe mai sirara 0.18mm a duniya, tare da yin aiki a saman duniya;

Fasaha da Ƙarfi: Ƙungiyar Kayan Aikin Lantarki ta China Electrical Equipment Group ta haɗa kamfanoni kamar XD, Baobian, da Shandong Electrical Engineering don samar da cikakken kewayon ƙarfin "UHV + sabon makamashi". Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kamar Xinjiang Tebian da Jiangsu Huapeng ne ke jagorantar duniya wajen fitar da sabbin na'urorin canza wutar lantarki;

Ingancin Isarwa: Zagayen isar da na'urorin transfoma na China (misali, watanni 10 ga manyan na'urorin transfoma na UHV) ya fi guntu fiye da na Turai da Amurka (sama da watanni 18), kuma farashin ya yi ƙasa (samfuran da ke da irin wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun kai rabin farashin na Turai da Amurka).

Daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta na shekarar 2025, darajar fitar da na'urorin transfoma ta kasar Sin ta kai yuan biliyan 29.711, karuwar kashi 36.3% a kowace shekara, inda kasuwar Turai ta karu da kashi 138%. Wasu kwastomomi suna son biyan kudin kariya na kashi 20% domin tabbatar da wadatar kayayyaki.

1. Nasarorin Fasaha da Haɓaka Masana'antu: UHV da Wutar Lantarki ta Iska a Tekun A Matsayin Manyan Yankuna

Kwanan nan, kamfanonin kasar Sin sun cimma manyan nasarorin fasaha a fannin samar da wutar lantarki ta UHV da makamashin iska a teku, da kuma sauran fannoni masu karfin matsakaici da babban karfin lantarki, inda suka inganta ci gaban masana'antu:

Na'urorin Canza Wutar Lantarki na UHV: Na'urar Canza Wutar Lantarki ta ±800kV UHV DC ta Kamfanin Shenbian da aka yi amfani da ita wajen aikin Jinshang-Hubei UHV ta inganta matakan kariya daga hanyar sadarwa da kashi 5%; Na'urar Canza Wutar Lantarki ta 1000kV ta Xidian Xibian ta tabbatar da cewa ayyukan wutar lantarki na kwal mai amfani da wutar lantarki ...

Na'urorin Canza Wutar Lantarki ta Iska a Teku: Kamfanin Shenbian ya ƙaddamar da na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta nacelle ta farko a duniya mai ƙarfin iska mai ƙarfin 20Hz, wadda aka daidaita ta da na'urorin rarraba wutar lantarki masu sassauci, waɗanda ke rage asarar watsawa da kashi 15%-20%, kuma an yi amfani da ita ga gonar iska ta Huaene Yuhuan Phase II ta teku;

Masu Canza Wutar Lantarki Masu Wayo: Kamfanin Kayan Aikin Injiniyan Lantarki na Shandong ya ƙirƙiro wata na'urar canza wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 220kV mai juyawa uku, wadda ke rage amfani da ƙarfe ta hanyar inganta tsarin (misali, tsarin ƙarfafa farantin tanki) kuma tana inganta ingancin haɗakarwa da kashi 35%, tare da matakan ingantaccen makamashi sun wuce ƙa'idodin ƙasa.

1. Tattalin Arzikin Zagaye da Sake Samar da Kayayyaki: Sabuwar Hanya don Sauyi Mai Kyau

Tare da ci gaban dabarun "dual carbon", sake fasalin transformer ya zama sabon wuri a masana'antar. TBEA (Hunan) Energy Construction Co., Ltd. tana amfani da "dasa jijiyoyi na dijital" (ƙwaƙwalwar jijiyoyi masu hankali) da "sake farfaɗo da gabobi" (sake sabunta rufin coil, dialysis mai zurfi) don canza transformers 220kV da aka dakatar zuwa kayan aiki masu ingancin makamashi mafi girma fiye da ƙa'idodin Grade 1 na ƙasa. Kudin shine kashi 60% kawai na sabbin samfura, kuma na'urar da aka sake ƙera guda ɗaya za ta iya adana kashi 70% na farashin siye da kuma dawo da lokacin gini mai mahimmanci.

Wannan tsarin ba wai kawai yana rage farashin inganta hanyoyin sadarwa ba ne, har ma yana rage asarar albarkatu—a cewar kiyasi, rage fitar da hayakin carbon daga cibiyar sake kera kayayyaki daidai yake da dasa dubban kadada na dazuzzuka, wanda ya dace da alkiblar ci gaban "tattalin arziki mai zagaye."