Fahimtar Matsi, Juriya, da Ma'aunin Zane-zanen Fiber Optic

Ingancin aiki na wani Na'urar Canzawa Mai Nitsewa Galibi ya dogara ne da daidaiton man shafawa na ciki da yanayin zafi mai lanƙwasa. Yawan zafi shine babban dalilin tsufa mai sauri na rufin, lalacewar aiki, da kuma gazawarsa. Saboda haka, sa ido kan zafin jiki yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman fannoni na aiki da kula da na'urorin canza wutar lantarki. Daga na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na gargajiya zuwa tsarin fiber optic na zamani, tarihin ci gaban ma'aunin zafi shine juyin halittar fasahar sa ido kan na'urorin canza wutar lantarki daga lura da na'urori marasa aiki zuwa gargaɗin gaggawa.

 

Wannan labarin zai yi bayani dalla-dalla game da nau'ikan ma'aunin zafi da sanyi da ake amfani da su a kan na'urorin transformers da aka nutsar da mai, sannan ya samar da cikakken nazari kan ka'idojin aikinsu da yanayin aikace-aikacensu.

 

Babi na 1: "Itacen Iyali" na Ma'aunin Zafi - Cikakken Bayani Kan Manyan Nau'o'i Uku

Dangane da ka'idojin aunawa da wurin shigarwa, an raba ma'aunin zafi na na'urorin transformers da aka nutsar da mai zuwa rukuni uku masu zuwa. Tare, suna samar da hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku daga zafin mai zuwa wuraren zafi masu lanƙwasa.

 

1. Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Matsi (Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Karatu Daga Nesa)

Ka'idar Aiki: Wannan kayan aiki ne na gargajiya na injiniya wanda aka gina shi akan faɗaɗawa/ƙunƙulewa da watsa matsi na ruwa/gas. Tsarin ya ƙunshi sassa uku:

 

Kwalbar Zafin Jiki (Firikwensin): Ana saka shi a cikin mai a saman tankin transfoma, wanda aka cika shi da wani abu mai saurin amsawa ga yanayin zafi (misali, ruwa, iskar gas, ko ruwa mai ƙarancin tafasa).

 

Bututun Capillary: Bututun ƙarfe mai tsayi da siriri wanda ke haɗa kwan fitila zuwa kan ma'aunin, wanda aka cika da wani abu mai isar da matsin lamba.

 

Shugaban Ma'auni (Mai Nunawa): An ɗora shi a kan bangon tankin transformer ko kabad ɗin sarrafawa, wanda zai iya nisanta mita daga kwan fitilar. Tushensa bututun Bourdon ne - bututun ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa, mai roba. Lokacin da kwan fitilar ta yi zafi, canjin matsin lamba na ciki yana yaɗuwa ta cikin bututun zuwa bututun Bourdon, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa. Wannan nakasa yana motsa mai nuna alama ta hanyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa, yana nuna zafin jiki.

 

Muhimman Halaye:

 

Kawai na injiniya ne, babu buƙatar wutar lantarki ta waje, kyakkyawan rigakafi ga tsangwama na lantarki, babban aminci.

 

Ana iya ɗora kan ma'aunin nesa don sauƙin karatu a cikin gida.

 

Yawanci yana da na'urorin sadarwa masu daidaitawa guda 1-2 don ƙararrawa mai zafi da ayyukan tafiya.

 

Daidaito da saurin amsawa sun fi jinkiri idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan lantarki, kuma bututun capillary yana iya fuskantar lalacewar injiniya.

 

Aikace-aikacen da Aka Saba: Babban na'urar sa ido da ƙararrawa don zafin mai mai, fasali ne mai kusan daidaitacce akan duk na'urorin canza wutar lantarki da aka nutsar da mai.

 

2. Mai Gano Zafin Jiki Mai Juriya (RTD, misali, PT100)

Ka'idar Aiki: Dangane da yanayin da juriyar mai sarrafawa ke canzawa tare da zafin jiki. Abin da aka fi sani da shi shine ma'aunin zafi na juriya na platinum, tare da PT100 wanda ke nuna juriya na 100 ohms a 0°C. Juriyarsa tana canzawa daidai kuma a layi tare da zafin jiki.

 

Sassan Tsarin:

 

Platinum RTD Probe: An sanya shi a cikin rijiyar ma'aunin zafi a saman na'urar transfoma, an nutsar da shi a cikin mai.

 

Ma'aunin Gada & Mai Rarrabawa: Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi cikin na'urar sarrafawa mai hankali. Daidaitaccen kewaye yana auna juriyar PT100 kuma yana canza shi zuwa siginar halin yanzu ta 4-20mA ko siginar dijital.

 

Muhimman Halaye:

 

Daidaiton ma'auni mai girma, ana iya watsa sigina a nesa mai nisa, ingantaccen garkuwar amo.

 

Fitarwa siginar lantarki ce ta yau da kullun, wacce aka haɗa cikin sauƙi tare da dandamali na sarrafa kansa kamar SCADA (Sarrafa Kulawa da Samun Bayanai) da DCS (Tsarin Gudanar da Rarraba) don sa ido a tsakiya daga nesa.

 

Sau da yawa ana sanya shi tare da ma'aunin zafi na nau'in matsi, wanda ke aiki azaman hanyar da ba ta da matsala ko mafi daidaito don sa ido daga nesa da kuma tantance zafin mai.

 

Amfanin da Aka Saba: Ana amfani da shi don watsawa daga nesa da sa ido kan zafin mai na dijital, ginshiƙin tashoshin zamani masu sarrafa kansu, waɗanda ba a kula da su ba.

 

3. Tsarin Auna Zafin Zafin Fiber Optic (Mafi Girman Auna "Wutar Zafi" Kai Tsaye)

Ka'idar Aiki: Wannan ita ce fasaha mafi inganci kuma mafi inganci don sa ido kan yanayin zafi. Ya dogara ne akan kimiyyar Fiber Bragg Gratings.

 

Firikwensin Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG): Ana rubuta bambancin lokaci-lokaci a cikin ma'aunin refractive (grating) a cikin wani ɓangare na musamman fiber optic fiber ta amfani da laser. Babban siffarsa: Hasken wani takamaiman tsawon rai (raƙuman Bragg) yana nunawa, kuma wannan tsawon rai yana canzawa a layi tare da canje-canje a yanayin zafi (ko damuwa) a wurin grating.

 

Tsarin Aunawa: Kebul ɗin fiber optic mai sassauƙa wanda aka haɗa tare da na'urori masu auna FBG da yawa an saka shi kai tsaye tsakanin layukan rufin na'urorin masu ƙarfin lantarki masu ƙarfi a wuraren da aka annabta yayin ƙera na'urorin canza wutar lantarki. Tsarin yana fitar da hasken broadband, kuma ta hanyar nazarin takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa da aka nuna daga kowace grating, zai iya samun cikakken zafin jiki daidai kuma a ainihin lokaci a wurare daban-daban a cikin na'urar.

 

Muhimman Halaye:

 

Auna kai tsaye na zafin da ke lanƙwasa a wurin zafi, ba kimantawa kai tsaye ba. Bayanan sun fi inganci kuma abin dogaro.

 

Ainihin aminci: An yi zare na gani da silica, mai hana ruwa shiga, mai jure wa babban ƙarfin lantarki, kuma yana da kariya daga tsangwama ta hanyar lantarki, yana aiki da kyau a cikin filayen EM masu ƙarfi.

 

Ma'aunin da aka rarraba: Zare ɗaya zai iya ɗaukar nauyin wurare da dama na ji, wanda hakan zai ba da damar cikakken taswirar zafi na naɗewa.

 

Maɓallin kunnawa don na'urar canza wutar lantarki "Dynamic Rating" da kimanta rayuwarta.

 

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Manyan na'urori masu mahimmanci (misali, EHV, na'urorin canza wutar lantarki), tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki masu wayo waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa ƙarfin kaya.

 

Babi na 2: Babban Bayani game da Manufofi - Zafin Mai Mai Sama da Zafin Lantarki

Wannan muhimmin ra'ayi ne kuma wurin farawa don zaɓar nau'ikan ma'aunin zafi da sanyi.

 

Zafin Mai Mai Sama: Yana auna zafin mai a saman tankin. Yana nuna jimlar nauyin zafi na na'urar transformer amma yana da jinkirin zafi. Idan kaya ya canza, zafin lanƙwasa yana canzawa da sauri, sai kuma zafin mai. Nau'in matsi da ma'aunin zafi na RTD suna auna wannan.

 

Zafin Zafin Wurin Da Yake Taɓawa: Yana nufin wurin da ya fi zafi a cikin dukkan na'urar transformer, wacce galibi take a saman ɓangaren na'urar naɗa mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki. Ita ce mafi mahimmancin ma'auni da ke ƙayyade yawan tsufa na rufin da ƙarfin kaya. Hanyoyin gargajiya ba za su iya auna shi kai tsaye ba, maimakon haka, sun dogara ne akan Alamar Zafin Wurin Da Yake Taɓawa (WTI) wanda ke kwaikwayon/ƙiyasta shi ta amfani da "gyaran zafin mai + gyaran halin yanzu." Ma'aunin fiber optic shine kawai fasaha da za ta iya auna shi kai tsaye da daidai.